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Early civilizations often built drainage systems in urban areas to handle rainwater that ran down the street during a storm. The Romans constructed elaborate systems that also drained wastewater from the public baths. However, as the population of the cities grew, the old drainage systems became overloaded. During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing waste was added to sewage, which increased the need for more efficient sewage treatment. In the mid-19^th century, the first steps were taken to treat wastewater. 

    1. Sewage or wastewater treatment in modern times is the process of removing harmful physical, chemical, and biological elements from wastewater and house sewage. The whole process starts with screening out large objects such as paper and wood, and removing heavy materials like dirt. The screened wastewater is then ready to go through a series of concrete tanks for further treatment. In the second step, 2.the sewage passes into the primary tanks. Here, human waste, called sludge, settles to the bottom while oils and grease float to the top, where they are collected. At the same time, organic matter like eggshells or coffee grounds in the sewage is broken down into smaller substances. The remaining sewage then enters the secondary tanks for the third stage of treatment. The solids that were not treated in the primary tanks are removed here through decomposition, which digests the material. 3.Then, the liquid sewage is filtered through sand. This filtering process gets rid of almost all bacteria, as well as other solid particles that remain in the water. Finally, the wastewater flows into the last tanks, where the chemical chlorine is added to kill the remaining bacteria. After the bacteria are destroyed, the chlorine is eliminated from the water, and the treated clean water is discharged into a river or the ocean.

單字解析:

civilization n.文明drainage n.排水系統 urban adj.城市的handle處理 construct v.建造elaborate adj.精巧的；複雜的population n.人口overload超出負荷Industrial Revolution 工業革命manufacture n./v.製造業.製造Sewage 汙水screen out篩去過濾 concrete adj./n.具體的；混凝土 tank n.大容器sludge爛泥

grease n.油脂float v.飄浮；搖擺substance n.物質decomposition 分解物(補充:composition n.作文；合成物) digest v.消化 liquid n.液體filter過濾get rid of擺脫、丟棄、除去 particle分子chlorine n.氯(氣) eliminate v.消滅；排除discharge 排出（液體，氣體等）；允許……離開；釋放；解僱[H][（+from）]

1.What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The elements of sewage.

(B) The treatment of wastewater.

(C) The history of draining systems.

(D) The ways to control manufacturing waste.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文- 109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試  

答案：B

element n.元素*elemental adj.自然力的elementary adj.基本的；初級的

treatment處理

關鍵句:Sewage or wastewater treatment in modern times is the process of removing harmful physical, chemical, and biological elements from wastewater and house sewage.

2.Which of the following can be removed in the primary tanks?

(A) Wood.

(B) Heavy material.

(C) Grease.

(D) Organic matter.