閱測第一篇

Early civilizations often built drainage systems in urban areas to handle rainwater that ran down the street during a storm. The Romans constructed elaborate systems that also drained wastewater from the public baths. However, as the population of the cities grew, the old drainage systems became overloaded. During the Industrial Revolution, manufacturing waste was added to sewage, which increased the need for more efficient sewage treatment. In the mid-19^th century, the first steps were taken to treat wastewater. 

    1. Sewage or wastewater treatment in modern times is the process of removing harmful physical, chemical, and biological elements from wastewater and house sewage. The whole process starts with screening out large objects such as paper and wood, and removing heavy materials like dirt. The screened wastewater is then ready to go through a series of concrete tanks for further treatment. In the second step, 2.the sewage passes into the primary tanks. Here, human waste, called sludge, settles to the bottom while oils and grease float to the top, where they are collected. At the same time, organic matter like eggshells or coffee grounds in the sewage is broken down into smaller substances. The remaining sewage then enters the secondary tanks for the third stage of treatment. The solids that were not treated in the primary tanks are removed here through decomposition, which digests the material. 3.Then, the liquid sewage is filtered through sand. This filtering process gets rid of almost all bacteria, as well as other solid particles that remain in the water. Finally, the wastewater flows into the last tanks, where the chemical chlorine is added to kill the remaining bacteria. After the bacteria are destroyed, the chlorine is eliminated from the water, and the treated clean water is discharged into a river or the ocean.

單字解析:

civilization n.文明drainage n.排水系統 urban adj.城市的handle處理 construct v.建造elaborate adj.精巧的；複雜的population n.人口overload超出負荷Industrial Revolution 工業革命manufacture n./v.製造業.製造Sewage 汙水screen out篩去過濾 concrete adj./n.具體的；混凝土 tank n.大容器sludge爛泥

grease n.油脂float v.飄浮；搖擺substance n.物質decomposition 分解物(補充:composition n.作文；合成物) digest v.消化 liquid n.液體filter過濾get rid of擺脫、丟棄、除去 particle分子chlorine n.氯(氣) eliminate v.消滅；排除discharge 排出（液體，氣體等）；允許……離開；釋放；解僱[H][（+from）]

1.What is the passage mainly about?

(A) The elements of sewage.

(B) The treatment of wastewater.

(C) The history of draining systems.

(D) The ways to control manufacturing waste.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文- 109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試  

答案：B

element n.元素*elemental adj.自然力的elementary adj.基本的；初級的

treatment處理

關鍵句:Sewage or wastewater treatment in modern times is the process of removing harmful physical, chemical, and biological elements from wastewater and house sewage.

2.Which of the following can be removed in the primary tanks?

(A) Wood.

(B) Heavy material.

(C) Grease.

(D) Organic matter.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試

答案：C

關鍵句:the sewage passes into the primary tanks. 污水進入初沉池。

Here, human waste, called sludge, settles to the bottom while oils and grease float to the top, where they are collected.在這裡，被人類稱為污泥廢物沉澱在底部，而油脂則漂浮在頂部，並在那裡收集

3.What is the main reason that liquid sewage needs to go through sand?

(A) To eliminate bacteria.

(B) To drain water.

(C) To dissolve solid particles.

(D) To remove oil.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試

答案：A

關鍵句: Then, the liquid sewage is filtered through sand. This filtering process gets rid of almost all bacteria, as well as other solid particles that remain in the water.

閱測第二篇

  The All Blacks, New Zealand’s national rugby team, is widely credited for bringing the “haka”to the world stage. Immediately before kick-off, the whole team will issue a warlike chant, stamping their feet, slapping their thighs, rolling their eyes, flicking their tongues, and making aggressive gestures in unison. 1.This performance before each match, which is intended to heighten their morale and intimidate opponents, is a sight to behold. No other international sporting team possesses a pre-match ritual as powerful as the famed All Blacks haka. 

   What does ”haka” mean? Haka is often thought of as a broad term for Maori war dances traditionally used to intimidate the enemy and prepare the warriors for battle. Most people believe it was performed either on the battlefield prior to engaging the enemy, or as the warriors were leaving their own village en route to a battle. But in the language of Maori, the word haka simply means a dance. The dance is accompanied by a chant that expresses emotions or tells ancient stories. While many haka should be performed by males, there are some haka that can be performed by anyone, male or female. There are even some women-only haka. 

   Thanks to the All Blacks, two of the haka have become widely renowned: Ka Mate and Kapa o Pango. The former was composed by a Maori chief in the early 1800s about how he outsmarted his enemies. It was first performed by the All Blacks in 1906. The latter was written specifically for the team in 2005. They are now performed interchangeably by the All Blacks. 

   Today, different varieties of haka are performed on various ceremonial occasions-from receiving distinguished guests to birthdays, weddings, or the funerals of chiefs and people of high status. Though the practice had traditionally been limited to Maori communities, it has now spread far beyond that. Maori and New Zealanders of European heritage alike view doing the haka with a sense of pride, both on the rugby field and outside it. The haka has become the most recognizable symbol of New Zealanders as a people.

單字解析:

rugby英式橄欖球immediate adj.立刻的kick-off開球chant歌謠

stamp n./v.郵票；跺腳slap 用手掌打thigh 大腿

flick輕彈 aggressive adj.好鬥.積極的

unison齊唱齊奏(unify v.統一 union n.結合 unit n.單位)

intimidate v.脅迫opponent= rival n.對手

behold v.見到ritual n.(儀式的)活動possess擁有warrior 戰士

 accompany v.陪同 distinguished adj.卓越的heritage遺產

1. According to the passage, for what purpose do the All Blacks perform the haka?

(A) To anger their opponents. intimidate v.脅迫

(B) To gain public attention and fame.

(C) To boost their own spirits.

(D) To show respect to their ancestors.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文- 109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試

答案：C

關鍵句: This performance before each match, which is intended to heighten their morale and intimidate opponents,

is a sight to behold.

morale n.士氣

2.Which of the following best describes the tone of this article?

(A) Cynical. 憤世嫉俗的 比較clinical臨床的

(B) Humorous.

(C) Pessimistic. 悲觀的

(D) Respectful.

高中(學測,指考)◆英文- 109 年大學入學考試中心指定科目考試

答案：D

詞彙題

The researcher warned that the results of the study needed to be interpreted with ______

because the sample size was not big enough to make firm conclusions.

(A) metaphor隱喻；象徵

(B) caution謹慎

(C) enthusiasm熱情

(D) impulse衝動

答案：B

研究人員警告必須謹慎解釋研究結果因為樣本量不足以得出明確的結論

interprete解釋sample size樣本量

Cloning animals has been very controversial. Some people consider it a medical breakthrough,

while others think it is ______ and should be prohibited.

(A) legitimate合法的

(B) inclusive包含的

(C) unethical ethic n.倫理

(D) non militant  militant adj.好戰的

答案：C

複製動物一直是存有爭議的。有些人認為這是醫學上的突破，但有些人則認為這是不道德的，應予以禁止。

On the first page of her new book,

the writer ______ all the people who helped in the publication of the book.

(A) contemplates考慮

(B) acknowledges承認，告知收到（信件等），對…打招呼，就…表示感謝

(C) inquires詢問

(D) regulates調節、規範

答案：B

在她新書的第一頁，作家就協助新書出版的所有人表示感謝。

Due to the recession,

it is not easy for people to get ______ paid jobs,

even if they are highly educated and well-trained in the field.

(A) compatibly

(B) decently

(C) relevantly

(D) virtually

答案：B

由於經濟衰退，

對於人們來說獲得合適的有薪工作是不容易的，即使他們在該領域受過良好的教育和訓練。

recession經濟衰退

(A) compatibly (adv.) 和氣地；謙虛地compatible adj.相容的

(B) decently (adv.) 高雅地；親切地；端正地 decent (adj.) 體面的；正經的；像樣的

(C) relevantly (adv.) 相關地；貼切地

(D) virtually (adv.) 幾乎；實際上；虛擬地

克漏字

第16 至 20 題為題組

16.

(A) merit

(B) opinion

(C) scandal

(D) disorder

答案：D

(A) merit功績(B) opinion意見(C) scandal醜聞(D) disorder混亂；凌亂

17.

(A) would pile

(B) had piled

(C) was piling

(D) might have piled

答案：B

解析:本題屬已經完成的事實，適用「過去完成式had + Vpp」

18.

(A) disabled

(B) excluded

(C) unattended

(D) misunderstood

答案：C

(A) disabled 殘疾的(B) exclude (v.)把...排斥在外(C) unattended (adj.) 無人看管的；無人照料的

(D) misunderstand誤解；誤會

19.
(A) toss out丟棄
(B) get off
(C) catch up
(D) carry on

答案：A

(B) get off 出發；離開；下班(C) catch up 趕上 (D) carry on繼續; 進行; 經營

20.

(A) alone

(B) alike

(C) above

(D) ahead

答案：A   Chance alone , however, may not be enough to make key discoveries like this「然而，只有機會是不足以達成這關鍵的發現。」